Antibacterial Activity of Eucalyptus Essential Oil and Extraction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64354/nvx3ap83Keywords:
Essential Oil ,Eucalyptus, Antibacterial Activity, biological activity.Abstract
Present study was included the assessment of biological activity of Eucalyptus as Antibacterial Activity of Eucalyptus Essential Oil (EO) and Extraction leaves. Plants extract tested toward pathogenic bacteria (two gram negative Klebsiella and Enterobacter and one gram positive Staphylococcus) by testing hot Aquacus extracts. The results showed that Plants extracts have the ability to inhibit the bacterial growth of both gram positive and gram negative, but the gram negative more sensitive than gram positive. The inhibition zone (in millimeter) was greater in gram positive (33mm) than in gram negative(25), the type of plant parts were effect upon bacteria as a result EO 25mm in Klebsiella , Extraction leaves give us 33mm at Staphylococcus then Bark was 29mm Staphylococcus while the extract gave high biological activity in all type of bacteria in concentrations 200 and 300 mg/ml respectively, the Conc. 300mg/ml more effect than 200mg/ml. The Virulence Factors of studied pathogenic bacteria.The Antibiotic resistance (zero) at Oxacillin . Hemolysis production in was detected phenotypically using blood agar supplied with 5% fresh human blood, Klebsiella non lysis but Enterobacter and Staphylococcus were blood lysis also the Virulence Factors of studied pathogenic bacteria the biofilm in Staphylococcus non-slime production but Klebsiella and Enterobacter slime producer. The percentage of free radical scaving, EO was the beast antioxidant.
References
1. Hermann R, von Richter O. Clinical evidence of herbal drugs as perpetrators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Planta Med. 2012;78(13):1458-1477. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1315117.
2. Kamatou GPP, Viljoen AM, Gono-Bwalya AB, van Zyl RL, van Vuuren SF, Lourens ACU, et al. The in vitro pharmacological activities and a chemical investigation of three South African Salvia species. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;102(3):382-390. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.034.
3. Begossi A. Use of ecological methods in ethnobotany: diversity indices. Econ Bot. 1996;50(3):280-289. doi:10.1007/BF02907333.
4. Lo Cantore P, Shanmugaiah V, Iacobellis NS. Antibacterial activity of essential oil components and their potential use in seed disinfection. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(20):9454-9461. doi:10.1021/jf902333g.
5. Dutra RC, Leite MN, Barbosa NR. Quantification of phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel seeds. Int J Mol Sci. 2008;9(4):606-614. doi:10.3390/ijms9040606.
6. Chao LK, Hua KF, Hsu HY, Cheng SS, Liu JY, Chang ST. Study on the antiinflammatory activity of essential oil from leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum. J Agric Food Chem. 2005;53(18):7274-7278. doi:10.1021/jf051151u.
7. Elliot WR, Jones DL. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation. Melbourne: Lothian Publishing; 1984.
8. Brooker MIH, Kleinig DA. Field Guide to Eucalyptus. Melbourne: Bloomings Books; 2006.
9. Damjanović-Vratnica B, Đakov T, Šuković D, Damjanović J. Antimicrobial effect of essential oil isolated from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. from Montenegro. Czech J Food Sci. 2011;29(3):277-284. doi:10.17221/114/2009-CJFS.
10. Takahashi T, Kokubo R, Sakaino M. Antimicrobial activities of eucalyptus leaf extracts and flavonoids from Eucalyptus maculata. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2004;39(1):60-64. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01538.x.
11. Dixit A, Rohilla A, Singh V. Eucalyptus globulus: a new perspective in therapeutics. Int J Pharm Chem Sci. 2012;1(4):1678-1683.
12. Egawa H, Tsutsui O, Tatsuyama K, Hatta T. Antifungal substances found in leaves of Eucalyptus species. Experientia. 1977;33(7):889-890.
13. Silva J, Abebe W, Sousa SM, Duarte VG, Machado MIL, Matos FJA. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(2-3):277-283. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.007.
14. Williams LR, Stockley JK, Yan W, Home VN. Essential oils with high antimicrobial activity for therapeutic use. Int J Aromather. 1998;8(4):30-39.
15. Stackpole DJ, Vaillancourt RE, Alves A, Rodrigues J, Potts BM. Genetic variation in the chemical components of Eucalyptus globulus wood. G3 (Bethesda). 2011;1(2):151-159.
16. Olayinka AJ, Olawumi OO, Olalekan AM, Abimbola AS, Idowu DI, Theophilus OA. Chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of Eucalyptus globulus grown in north-central Nigeria. J Nat Prod Plant Res. 2012;2(1):1-8.
17. Usman LA, Zubair MF, Adebayo SA, Oladosu IA, Akolade JO. Chemical composition of leaf and fruit essential oils of Hoslundia opposita Vahl grown in Nigeria. Am-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 2010;8(1):40-43.
18. Emara S, Shalaby AE. Seasonal variation of fixed and volatile oil percentage of four Eucalyptus spp. related to lamina anatomy. Afr J Plant Sci. 2011;5(6):353-359.
19. Salihu BK, Usman LA, Sani A. Chemical composition and antibacterial (oral isolates) activity of leaf essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. grown in north-central Nigeria. Int J Curr Res. 2011;3(3):22-28.
20. Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. 2nd ed. London: Dorling Kindersley; 2001.
21. Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils: a review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(2):446-475.
22. Tsai ML, Lin CC, Lin WC, Yang CH. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils from five selected herbs. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011;75(10):1977-1983.
23. Packer L, Cadenas E, Davies KJA. Free radicals and exercise: an introduction. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44(2):123-125. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.031.
24. Jung T, Höhn A, Catalgol B, Grune T. Age-related differences in oxidative protein damage in young and senescent fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2009;483(1):127-135.
25. Zheng W, Wang SY. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. J Agric Food Chem. 2001;49(11):5165-5170.
26. Hasegawa T, Takano F, Takata T, Niiyama M, Ohta T. Bioactive monoterpene glycosides conjugated with gallic acid from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. Phytochemistry. 2008;69(3):747-753. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.08.030.
27. Juergens UR, Stöber M, Vetter H. Inhibition of cytokine production and arachidonic acid metabolism by eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) in human blood monocytes in vitro. Eur J Med Res. 1998;3(11):508-510.
28. Juergens UR, Dethlefsen U, Steinkamp G, Gillissen A, Repges R, Vetter H. Anti-inflammatory activity of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med. 2003;97(3):250-256.
29. Benyahia S, Benayache S, Benayache F, León F, Quintana J, López M, et al. Cladocalol, a pentacyclic 28-nor-triterpene from Eucalyptus cladocalyx with cytotoxic activity. Phytochemistry. 2005;66(6):627-632. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.018.
30. Serafino A, Sinibaldi Vallebona P, Andreola F, Zonfrillo M, Mercuri L, Federici M, et al. Stimulatory effect of Eucalyptus essential oil on innate cell-mediated immune response. BMC Immunol. 2008;9:17. doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-17.
31. Gilles M, Zhao J, An M, Agboola S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils of three Australian Eucalyptus species. Food Chem. 2010;119(2):731-737.
32. Maciel MV, Morais SM, Bevilaqua CML, Silva RA, Barros RS, Sousa RN, et al. Chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. essential oils and their insecticidal effects on Lutzomyia longipalpis. Vet Parasitol. 2010;167(1):1-7.
33. Todar K. Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Madison: University of Wisconsin; 2020.
34. Greenwood D, Barer M, Slack R, Irving W. Medical Microbiology. 19th ed. Elsevier; 2019.
35. Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(8):520-532.
36. Foster TJ. Immune evasion by staphylococci. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3(12):948-958.
37. Chambers HF, DeLeo FR. Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(9):629-641.
38. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2021.
39. Budschon R, Ullmann W. Klebsiella species as hospital-acquired pathogens: epidemiology, classification, typing methods, and pathogenic factors. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11(4):589-603.
40. Paczosa MK, Mecsas J. Klebsiella pneumoniae: going on the offense with a strong defense. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2016;80(3):629-661.
41. Martin RM, Bachman MA. Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology and mechanisms of disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(2):e00004-17.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 New Journal of Biology and Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
