A review of Addictive natural products affecting the Central Nervous System

Abstract

The protection and intricate functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) constitute fundamental aspects of human physiology. The CNS, encompassing the brain and spinal cord, is safeguarded by layers of meninges and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) within the skull and vertebrae. Understanding neurotransmitter pathways in the CNS is pivotal for comprehending drug selectivity and action. Elucidates CNS-acting drugs, spanning neurologic, psychiatric, and symptomatic conditions. Despite historical significance, unraveling the complexities of CNS drug actions remains challenging, although recent advancements have facilitated detailed investigations at neuronal and synaptic receptor levels. Additionally, caffeine, a ubiquitous beverage ingredient, exerts its effects by binding to adenosine receptors due to its structural similarity to adenosine. Moreover, opium alkaloids found in poppy, pose inadvertent risks of introducing opium compounds into the food chain, with implications for workplace and roadside drug testing. Despite the well-established link between cigarette smoking and severe health consequences, global tobacco consumption persists, with approximately 1.2 billion smokers worldwide. Urgent action is imperative, necessitating comprehensive tobacco control strategies including public education, stricter regulations, increased taxation, and accessible cessation programs. CNS stimulant drugs like ephedrine and cocaine present complex challenges to public health and society. Ephedrine and related compounds, though once used in various medical contexts, now face scrutiny due to abuse potential and associated health risks. The abuse of cocaine, with its potent effects on the central nervous system, continues to pose significant health and social problems worldwide. Effective strategies for prevention, education, and treatment are essential to mitigate the impact of CNS stimulant abuse and promote healthier communities